RUS
 

The Hybrid Heat Engine

  
   

 
  Temur Pkhovelishvili  
  G.TSULUKIDZE MINING INSTITUTE
7, E.Mindeli Str.
Tbilisi, 0186, Georgia
Tel.:+(995 32) 899 509582/Fax: +(995 32) 325990
E-mail: phkhovelishvili@rambler.ru 		  
One of the main reasons of a global rise in temperature are the motor cars equipped with the reciprocating heat combustion engines. It is well known that in the course of operation of these engines, when their cylinders burn a fuel, a large number (about 50%) of heat energy is released in the atmosphere and  wasted for nothing.

Electric cars, as well as already existing hybrid engines, cannot promote to reduction of release of the heat energy into the atmosphere since the objects generating the electric energy for charging the electric cars, are themselves the sources of separation of a large amount of heat, while in the hybrid –type motor carts, a generation of the electric energy  takes place through the combustion engines.

Figure shows the hybrid heat engine, that is a combination of  two types of the heat engines – internal- and external-combustion ones. At the same time, the piston engines, when transforming a part of the heat energy into the mechanical one, is itself a source of the heat  for the external-combustion engine, that in its turn, transforms the heat energy into the mechanical energy. 

 
             
       
         

Figure

1 – Cylinder; 2 – Piston with stem; 3 – connecting rod; 4 – crankshaft;  5 – change-over valve core; 6 – crankshaft controlling valve; 7 – Cylinder crown; 8 – Carter; 9 - Heat insulating stem boiler; 10 – Heat-resistant tubes; 11 – Emergency valve; 12 – Water control gauge; 13 – Capacitor; 14 -  Radiator; 15 – Enlarging tank; 16 – Low pressure pump; 17 – High pressure pump; 18 – Water jacket of the cylinder; 19 – Steam-turbine drive (II variant)

Positive features of the hybrid-type engines of the proposed scheme:

  • Heat gases exhausted from the cylinder, when passing through the heat-resistant tubes of the steam boiler, heat the water containing therein up to the stem generation level  and, are released into the atmosphere on a lowered temperature. Therefore, a heating influence on the environment is reduced considerably;

  • The high pressured stem of the overheated vapor generated in the boiler, reaches to the lower part of the cylinder through the change-over valve core  and performs an additional mechanical work. As a result,  in case of the four-step cycle, three steps are the working ones against the one working step in usual piston engines, while if the crankshaft is equipped with the stem turbine, all the four steps are the working ones. So, the power of the engine as well as the  turning moment  on its crankshaft are increased in both cases;

  • An increase of the engine’s power  makes it possible to introduce a technology of the low-speed engines instead of the expensive technology of the high-speed ones. This, in its turn, will have a considerable economic effect;

  • Operation  of the low-speed  engines will promote a reduction in fuel consumption and an of the process of its burning, that, in its turn, will reduce a exhaust of noxious  substances into the atmosphere;

  • The engine will gain the positive features of the steam machines, that is reflected in increase of the turning moment of such machines in line with decrease of a turns number of their shafts;

  • The steam boiler, in addition to the vapor generating capacity, performs a function of the engine’s silencer.